What is a critical maintenance practice for pumps to avoid damage?

A critical maintenance practice for pumps to avoid damage is to never let them run dry. When a pump operates without sufficient liquid, it can cause several forms of damage. The internal components may overheat due to increased friction since the lubricant provided by the fluid is absent. This overheating can warp or melt critical parts of the pump, significantly reducing its lifespan and efficiency. Additionally, materials within the pump can degrade when they are not kept lubricated by the fluid they are designed to move, further exacerbating damage.

In contrast, operating pumps at maximum speed without considering their design limitations can lead to cavitation and excessive wear. Keeping pumps away from damp environments is generally good practice but does not specifically address the operational risks associated with running the pump dry. Using pumps only in extreme temperatures could lead to other issues related to material integrity and performance, depending on the specific construction of the pump. Thus, ensuring that a pump always has an adequate supply of liquid is the most critical factor in maintaining operational reliability and preventing damage.