What is one of the significant effects of high nitrogen and phosphorus in water?

High nitrogen and phosphorus levels in water are key contributors to a phenomenon known as eutrophication, which leads to rapid multiplication of algae, commonly referred to as algal blooms. When these nutrients are present in excessive amounts, they stimulate the growth of algae, often resulting in overgrowth that can cover the surface of water bodies. This rapid algal proliferation can disrupt aquatic ecosystems by blocking sunlight from reaching submerged plants and can deplete oxygen levels in the water when the algae die and decay, leading to further ecological issues. This aligns with the understanding of nutrient loading and its ecological impacts, reinforcing the importance of monitoring and managing nutrient levels in aquatic environments to maintain biodiversity and water quality.